The polite past affirmative — “did” / “have done”
JLPT N5 文法 ました 解説 (丁寧な過去肯定)
⏱️ Study time: 4–6 minutes
ました is the polite past affirmative verb form. It means "I did" or "I have done" and is formed by replacing ます with ました. It is essential for talking about completed actions in polite Japanese.
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ました is the polite past affirmative form of verbs. It attaches to the verb stem (the same stem used for ます) and means "did" or "have done". It's the standard way to talk about completed actions in formal or polite speech.
先週東京に行きました。せんしゅうとうきょうにいきました。Senshū Tōkyō ni ikimashita.
I went to Tokyo last week.
| Verb | Stem | Polite Past | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 書く (kaku) | 書き | 書きました | wrote |
| 食べる (taberu) | 食べ | 食べました | ate |
| する (suru) | し | しました | did |
| 来る (kuru) | 来 (ki) | 来ました (kimashita) | came |
✅ 会う → stem 会い + ました.
| Form | Used with | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| ました | Verbs | Did / have done | 食べました (ate) |
| でした | Nouns / na-adjectives | Was / were | 学生でした (was a student) |
1. “I wrote a letter yesterday.” Choose the correct polite past.
2. What is the polite past of する?
3. “I was a student.” Choose the correct past form.
Taught by Anup Sensei at Gogaku Language & Training Center in Pokhara. With real Japan experience and a focus on exam essentials, he helps students pass the JLPT with confidence.
No. i‑adjectives have their own past polite form: 楽しかったです (was fun). ました is only for verbs.
ました is the past of ます and attaches to verb stems (did). でした is the past of です and attaches to nouns/na‑adjectives (was).
Yes. The plain/casual past form is 〜た (e.g., 食べた). ました is the polite equivalent.
Next: ませんでした — the polite past negative.
Learn ませんでした →→ Explore the JLPT N5 Grammar Hub
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