JLPT N5 Grammar: ます (masu) — Polite Verb Suffix in Japanese

JLPT N5 Grammar: ます (masu)

The polite verb suffix — how to make verbs polite

JLPTジェイエルピーティー N5エヌゴ 文法ぶんぽう ます 解説かいせつ (丁寧ていねい動詞どうし活用かつよう)

⏱️ Study time: 5–7 minutes

ます is the key to speaking politely in Japanese. It attaches to the stem of a verb to create the formal present tense. Learn to conjugate it into ません, ました, and ませんでした — essential for JLPT N5 and daily conversation.

🚀 JLPT N5 Warm-up Quiz

Q: What is the polite non‑past (present/future) form of the verb べる (to eat)?

Correct: べます (B). The stem of べる is べ, so you add ます → べます. Never attach ます directly to the dictionary form (べるます ✕) or use です with verbs (べるです ✕).

Quick Summary

Grammar Point
ます
Meaning
Polite verb ending (non‑past)
Structure
Verb stem + ます / ません / ました / ませんでした
Example
毎日まいにち日本語にほんご勉強べんきょうします。まいにちにほんごをべんきょうします。Mainichi Nihongo o benkyō shimasu.
I study Japanese every day.

📝 Conjugation Chart (Polite Verb Forms)

Affirmative: Verb stem + ます
Negative: Verb stem + ません
Past: Verb stem + ました
Past Negative: Verb stem + ませんでした
⚠️ ます is a verb suffix. It never attaches directly to nouns or adjectives — use です for that.
🧠 Need the plain form? See Dictionary Form (べる) →

💡 Toggle furigana, hiragana, or romaji for easier reading.

What is ます?

ます is the polite auxiliary verb (助動詞) that attaches to the stem (連用形) of a verb. It makes the sentence polite and is the standard form used in formal situations, with strangers, and in business contexts.

  • Attach to the verb stem, not the dictionary form.
  • Conjugates like a regular godan verb: ます → ません, ました, ませんでした.
  • For nouns and na‑adjectives, use です instead.

⚡ Conjugation Patterns (Group I, II, III)

Verb TypeDictionaryStemPolite (ます)
Godan (u‑verbs)く (kaku)きます
Ichidan (ru‑verbs)べる (taberu)べます
Irregularする (suru)します
Irregularる (kuru) (ki)ます (kimasu)
⚠️ Critical JLPT Trap: Never say べるます or くます. Always remove the final syllable and attach the appropriate stem + ます.

Examples & Mini Dialogue

毎朝まいあさコーヒーをみます。まいあさこーひーをのみます。Maiasa kōhī o nomimasu.
I drink coffee every morning.

む → stem み + ます = みます.

昨日きのう映画えいがませんでした。きのうえいがをみませんでした。Kinō eiga o mimasen deshita.
I didn't watch a movie yesterday.
🗣️ Mini Dialogue
A: 日曜日にちようびなにをしますか。にちようびになにをしますか。Nichiyōbi ni nani o shimasu ka.
B: ものをします。かいものをします。Kaimono o shimasu.

⚡ ます vs Dictionary Form (plain)

FormPolitenessUsageExample
Dictionary (plain)CasualWith close friends, in embedded clauses, dictionary entriesべる (taberu)
ます formPoliteStrangers, superiors, business, public speechべます (tabemasu)

Common Mistakes (and Fixes)

わたし学生がくせいます。わたしはがくせいます。Watashi wa gakusei masu.
わたし学生がくせいです。わたしはがくせいです。Watashi wa gakusei desu.
毎日まいにちはしるます。まいにちはしるます。Mainichi hashiru masu.
毎日まいにちはしります。まいにちはしります。Mainichi hashirimasu.
昨日きのう映画えいがるませんでした。きのうえいがをみるませんでした。Kinō eiga o miru masen deshita.
昨日きのう映画えいがませんでした。きのうえいがをみませんでした。Kinō eiga o mimasen deshita.

JLPT N5 Practice Questions

Score: 0 / 3

1. Choose the correct polite negative form of “to write” (く).

2. What is the polite past form of する?

3. “I will not eat.” Choose the appropriate ます negative.

🎯 JLPT N5 tip: The ます form is tested in almost every question. Knowing how to switch between dictionary and polite forms quickly will save you time on the exam.

Practice with a free mock test →

About the Instructor

Taught by Anup Sensei at Gogaku Language & Training Center in Pokhara. With real Japan experience and a focus on exam essentials, he helps students pass the JLPT with confidence.

Related Grammar

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I use ます with i‑adjectives?

No. i‑adjectives have their own polite form (e.g., たのしい → たのしいです). Use です with nouns and adjectives; ます is only for verbs.

How do I find the stem of a verb?

For ru‑verbs (ichidan), drop る. For u‑verbs (godan), change the final ‑u sound to the corresponding ‑i sound (e.g., む → み). する → し, る → (ki).

What’s the difference between ます and です?

です is the polite copula (to be) for nouns/adjectives. ます is the polite suffix for verbs. You never say “べるです” or “学生がくせいます”.

Continue Learning

Next: ました (mashita) — the polite past tense.

Learn ました →

→ Explore the JLPT N5 Grammar Hub

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