The polite past negative verb form — “did not do”
JLPT N5 文法 ませんでした 解説 (丁寧な過去否定)
⏱️ Study time: 5–7 minutes
ませんでした is the polite way to say “I didn’t do” something. It is the past negative of ます and attaches directly to the verb stem. Whether you’re describing what you didn’t eat, didn’t see, or didn’t go to, this form is essential for polite conversation and the JLPT N5.
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ませんでした is the polite, past negative form of verbs. It is built from the verb stem + ません (negative) + でした (past). It translates to "did not do" and is used in formal speech to talk about actions that were not performed in the past.
昨日映画を見ませんでした。きのうえいがをみませんでした。Kinō eiga o mimasen deshita.
I didn't watch a movie yesterday. (polite)
| Verb | Stem | Past Negative | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 書く (kaku) | 書き | 書きませんでした | didn't write |
| 食べる (taberu) | 食べ | 食べませんでした | didn't eat |
| する (suru) | し | しませんでした | didn't do |
| 来る (kuru) | 来 (ki) | 来ませんでした (kimasen deshita) | didn't come |
✅ 勉強する → し + ませんでした.
| Form | Politeness | Usage | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| ませんでした | Polite | Formal speech, business, strangers | 食べませんでした |
| なかった | Plain / Casual | Friends, family, embedded clauses | 食べなかった |
1. “He didn’t drink water.” Choose the correct polite past negative.
2. Which is the correct polite past negative of 来る (to come)?
3. “I didn’t do my homework yesterday.” Pick the correct sentence.
Taught by Anup Sensei at Gogaku Language & Training Center in Pokhara. With real Japan experience and a focus on exam essentials, he helps students pass the JLPT with confidence.
No. ませんでした is only for verbs. For nouns and na‑adjectives, use ではありませんでした or じゃありませんでした.
It is なかった (e.g., 食べなかった). You can add です for a slightly more polite feel (食べなかったです) but ませんでした is the fully polite form.
No. i‑adjectives have their own past negative: ~くなかったです (e.g., 楽しくなかったです).
Next: ました (mashita) — the polite past affirmative.
Learn ました →→ Explore the JLPT N5 Grammar Hub
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