JLPT N5 Grammar: 〜に (ni) — Time Point Particle

JLPT N5 Grammar: 〜に (ni) — Time Point

Marking specific times — “at / on / in” (precise time expressions)

JLPTジェイエルピーティー N5エヌゴ 文法ぶんぽう 助詞じょし「に」( 時間じかん ) 解説かいせつ

⏱️ Study time: 5–7 minutes

The particle に (ni) marks a specific time point — "at 3 o'clock", "on Monday", "in April". But it's not used with relative times like "today", "tomorrow", or "every day". Knowing when to use に and when to leave it out is a core N5 skill.

🚀 JLPT N5 Warm-up Quiz

Q: Which sentence is correct?

Answer: B (明日あした学校がっこうきます). 明日あした (tomorrow) is a relative time expression — it never takes に. A is incorrect. Use に only with specific, fixed times like 3時さんじ, 月曜日げつようび, or 4月しがつ.

Quick Summary

Grammar Point
に (time)
Meaning
At / on / in (specific time)
Pattern
Time noun + に + Predicate
Example
7時しちじきます。しちじにおきます。Shichiji ni okimasu.
I get up at 7 o'clock.

📝 Core Pattern

Specific time: Time noun + に + Verb
Examples: 3時さんじに / 月曜日げつようびに / 4月しがつに / 2024年にせんにじゅうよねん
No に for: 今日きょう, 明日あした, 昨日きのう, 毎日まいにち, いつ etc.
⚠️ The rule: に marks a fixed point on the calendar or clock. Relative or repeating times don't need it.
🧠 Review に for location? See に (ni) — Full Guide →

💡 Toggle furigana, hiragana, or romaji for easier reading.

What is the time に?

is the particle that marks a specific point in time — clock times, days of the week, dates, months, years. It pins an action to a precise moment on the calendar or clock, like "at 7:00" or "on Monday".

  • It must be a fixed, named time — a number on a clock or a date on the calendar.
  • It is not used with relative time words like 今日きょう (today), 明日あした (tomorrow), or 毎日まいにち (every day).
  • It can be used with the question word いつ (when) — but いつ never takes に.

⚡ When to Use に (Fixed Time Points)

CategoryExampleMeaning
Clock time3時さんじat 3 o'clock
Day of week月曜日げつようびon Monday
Date7月しちがつ20日はつかon July 20th
Month4月しがつin April
Year2024年にせんにじゅうよねんin 2024

⚡ When NOT to Use に (Relative / Repeating Times)

WordMeaningに?
今日きょうtoday✕ きょうに
明日あしたtomorrow✕ あしたに
昨日きのうyesterday✕ きのうに
毎日まいにちevery day✕ まいにちに
いつwhen✕ いつに
いまnow✕ いまに
毎朝まいあさevery morning✕ まいあさに
今週こんしゅうthis week✕ こんしゅうに

💡 Rule of thumb: If the time word names a fixed point on a clock or calendar (3時さんじ, 月曜日げつようび, 4月しがつ), use に. If it's relative to "now" (今日きょう, 明日あした, 毎日まいにち), don't use に.

Examples & Mini Dialogue

日曜日にちようび友達ともだち映画えいがます。にちようびにともだちとえいがをみます。Nichiyōbi ni tomodachi to eiga o mimasu.
On Sunday I watch a movie with my friend.

日曜日にちようび is a specific day — use に.

明日あした試験しけんがあります。あしたしけんがあります。Ashita shiken ga arimasu.
There is an exam tomorrow. (No に — 明日あした is relative.)
🗣️ Mini Dialogue
A: 何時なんじいますか。なんじにあいますか。Nanji ni aimasu ka.
B: 10時じゅうじいましょう。じゅうじにあいましょう。Jūji ni aimashō.

⚡ に (time point) vs から / まで

ParticleMeaningExample
At a specific time point3時さんじ = at 3 o'clock
からStarting point (from)3時さんじから = from 3 o'clock
までEnding point (until)3時さんじまで = until 3 o'clock

Common Mistakes (and Fixes)

明日あしたきます。
明日あしたきます。 (Relative time — no に.)
月曜日げつようび学校がっこうきます。
月曜日げつようび学校がっこうきます。 (Specific day — use に.)
いつにますか。
いつますか。 (いつ never takes に.)

JLPT N5 Practice Questions

Score: 0 / 3

1. “I go to school at 8 o'clock.” Should に be used?

2. Which word takes に?

3. “I came home at 10 o'clock.” Choose the correct sentence.

🎯 JLPT N5 tip: The time に is one of the most frequently tested particles at N5. If you see a clock time or a named day, it needs に. If it's 今日きょう, 明日あした, 昨日きのう, 毎日まいにち, or いつ — no に. This simple rule will get you through most questions.

Test yourself with a free mock exam →

About the Instructor

Taught by Anup Sensei at Gogaku Language & Training Center in Pokhara. With real Japan experience and a focus on exam essentials, he helps students pass the JLPT with confidence.

⚡ Vocabulary Used in This Lesson

JapaneseReadingTypeEnglish Meaning
きるおきるIchidan verbto get up
学校がっこうがっこうNounschool
試験しけんしけんNounexam
映画えいがえいがNounmovie
あうGodan verbto meet
かえかえるGodan verbto return, go home

Related Grammar

Frequently Asked Questions

Why does 明日あした not take に?

明日あした is a relative time expression — its meaning changes depending on when you say it. に is reserved for fixed, absolute points on the clock or calendar.

Does いつ (when) take に?

No. いつ never takes に. Say いつきますか, not いつにきますか.

Can I use に with 午前中ごぜんちゅう (in the morning)?

No. 午前中ごぜんちゅう is a span of time, not a fixed point, so it does not take に. Same for 午後ごご, 夕方ゆうがた, etc.

Continue Learning

Next: に (ni) — Location & Existence.

Learn Location に →

→ Explore the JLPT N5 Grammar Hub

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