Is not / am not / are not – Negative copula, polite & casual
JLPT N5 文法 じゃない・じゃありません 解説
Master じゃない / じゃありません in 5 minutes. Learn to say "it's not", "I'm not", "you're not" and the crucial rule for い-adjective negation.
Q1: "It is not delicious." Which is correct?
A. おいしいじゃないです
B. おいしくないです
💡 Switch to Hiragana only or Rōmaji if you're just starting out.
These forms express negation: "is not", "am not", "are not". They are the negative equivalents of だ/です.
否定形を覚えましょう。 ひていけいをおぼえましょう。 Hiteikei o oboemashou.
じゃない: ja na i
じゃありません: ja a ri ma se n
犬じゃない / 静かじゃありません / 高くないです
Casual: 犬じゃない. Formal: 犬ではありません.
Polite: 静かじゃありません.
Casual: 高くない (no です).
This is the #1 N5 trap. Make sure you know which negation to use with each word type.
| Word Type | Affirmative | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Noun | 犬です | 犬じゃありません |
| な-adj | 静かです | 静かじゃありません |
| い-adj | おいしいです | おいしくないです |
💡 Exam tip: "おいしいじゃない" is a trap. い-adjectives never take じゃない.
🔍 Never attach じゃない directly to an い-adjective. Change the adjective first.
🔍 The opposite mistake: using くない for な-adjectives. Remember the pattern for each type.
Watch for questions that test the distinction:
「このりんごは ( )。」
A. おいしいじゃない
B. おいしくない
Answer: B. If you see an い-adjective and じゃない is an option, it's usually wrong.
1. "It's not a cat." (猫 = cat)
A. 猫じゃありません
B. 猫くないです
2. "It's not quiet." (静か = quiet, な-adj)
A. 静かくないです
B. 静かじゃありません
3. "It's not expensive." (高い = expensive, い-adj)
A. 高いじゃない
B. 高くない
This lesson is taught by Anup Sensei, an experienced Japanese language instructor at Gogaku Language & Training Center in Pokhara. He has studied and worked in Japan and specializes in practical JLPT preparation and real-life communication skills.
じゃない is the contracted, colloquial form. ではない is the formal/written form. Both mean "is not". In polite settings, use じゃありません or ではありません.
No. い-adjectives have their own negative: おいしくない. おいしいじゃない is ungrammatical.
For nouns/な-adj: じゃなかった (casual), じゃありませんでした (polite). For い-adj: くなかった (casual), くなかったです (polite).
Slightly. Both are polite, but ではありません is often preferred in very formal writing or speech. In N5, both are accepted.
Now combine negative and past:
じゃなかった / くありませんでした (was not)
→ Explore the full JLPT N5 Grammar Hub
Join Anup Sensei's JLPT N5 course at Gogaku Language & Training Center, Pokhara. Small batches, real conversation practice, weekly mock tests.
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